Best Manganese AA Batteries (April 2024) - Rated by CherryPicks' Experts

At a Glance: Our Top Picks

Top 1

Duracell PC1500BKD09 Procell Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide Battery, AA Size, 1.5...

9.9
CPR Score
Top 2

Duracell Coppertop Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide AA Battery, 1.5V, (Pack of 48)

9.7
CPR Score
Top 3

Duracell Optimum AA Batteries with Power Boost Ingredients, 18 Count Pack Dou...

9.6
CPR Score
Tips


Our Manganese AA Batteries Ranking is based on our detailed analysis of 97 Manganese AA Batteries and over 372,580 customer reviews. We have compiled the top 30 Best Manganese AA Batteries you might be interested in and ratings based on product features.

* Cherrypicksreviews.com is reader-supported, Our editor review, and recommend the best products based on extensive data analysis, if you click on the product links, we may earn a commission through qualifying products purchased.

The Best Manganese AA Batteries Rated by CherryPicks

Market Overview
Manganese AA Batteries Reviewed
  • Reviews Analyzed: 372,580 Items
  • CPR Avg. Rating: 8.6 / 10
30 Products Evaluated
  • Highest Price: $218.00
  • Lowest Price: $6.97
  • Avg. Price: $33.35
Price Disclaimer

Top 30 Manganese AA Batteries on Amazon (Verified You can Buy)

Duracell PC1500BKD09 Procell Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide Battery, AA Size, 1.5V (Pack of 24)

Duracell
DURPC1500BKD
1.99 x 0.55 x 0.55 Inches
0.2 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Nampa 7,174
MedicalRite 762
NBLDirect -
PSB Retail 1,987
PE DEALS -
Healthy Living Store LLC -
Jackston's Marketing -

Features

Duracell Procell batteries are manufactured to rigid specifications to meet some of the highest standards of durability and longevity that professional users demand and expect
Increased battery life, longer service life, lower operating expenses, and an increase in productivity due to less man hours replacing batteries
Show More

Duracell Coppertop Alkaline-Manganese Dioxide AA Battery, 1.5V, (Pack of 48)

Duracell
001
0.3937 x 0.3937 x 0.5 Inches
2.6 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Outlet center -
Your Dental Supply Store -
21SUPPLY 4,301
BEAUTY LLC 3,269
Positive Supplies USA -
USA MedPremium -

Features

Long-lasting power from batteries.
Engineered to deliver just the right level of power.
Show More

Duracell Optimum AA Batteries with Power Boost Ingredients, 18 Count Pack Double A Battery with Long-lasting Power, All-Purpose Alkaline AA Battery for Household and Office Devices

Duracell
5009606
1.09 x 6.0 x 5.25 Inches
1.03 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Xcess Limited 2,278

Features

FORMULATED WITH 4X POWER BOOST INGREDIENTS: Duracell Optimum AA batteries contain 4X of Duracell’s patented POWER BOOST Ingredients vs Coppertop AA
OUR #1 BEST PERFORMING BATTERY: Duracell's Optimum AA battery is our best performing AA alkaline battery
Show More

Duracell Coppertop AA Batteries with Power Boost Ingredients, 24 Count Pack Double A Battery with Long-lasting Power, Alkaline AA Battery for Household and Office Devices

Duracell
CT AA x24 - PB
1.19 x 7.75 x 4.5 Inches
0.81 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

FORMULATED WITH POWER BOOST INGREDIENTS: Duracell Coppertop AA alkaline batteries contain Duracell’s patented POWER BOOST Ingredients which deliver lasting performance in your devices
GUARANTEED FOR 12 YEARS IN STORAGE: Duracell guarantees each Coppertop AA alkaline battery to last 12 years in storage, so you can be confident these batteries will be ready when you need them
Show More

Duracell Alkaline AA 24 Batteries Coppertop MN1500

Duracell
MN1500B24
4.75 x 2.25 x 2.0 Inches
0.5732 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Preferred Pharmacy Plus 131
MedicalSupplyMI 2,743
PE DEALS -

Features

Batteries can be used to provide electrical power to toys, radios, flashlights, and other household products
Alkaline batteries typically yield more electric energy and have a longer shelf life than zinc-oxide batteries
Show More

Duracell Coppertop Alkaline Batteries AA - 48 pk

Duracell
80240706
10.0 x 0.9843 x 12.0079 Inches
2.6 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Outlet center -
BD Supply 349
Beyond The Shop 5,525
Your Dental Supply Store -
21SUPPLY 4,301
Premier660 -
premiers -

Features

Duralock Power Preserve Technology gives you a 5-year in storage
Duracell is the #1 trusted brand of parents pharmacists and first responders
Show More

Duracell Optimum AA Batteries with Power Boost Ingredients, 12 Count Pack Double A Battery with Long-lasting Power, All-Purpose Alkaline AA Battery for Household and Office Devices

Duracell
5005573
0.7 x 6.0 x 5.25 Inches
0.66 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Pulse Fulfillment 9,254

Features

FORMULATED WITH 4X POWER BOOST INGREDIENTS: Duracell Optimum AA batteries contain 4X of Duracell’s patented POWER BOOST Ingredients vs Coppertop AA
OUR #1 BEST PERFORMING BATTERY: Duracell's Optimum AA battery is our best performing AA alkaline battery
Show More

Duracell Procell AA 24 Pack PC1500BKD09 (packaging may vary)

Duracell
PC1500BKD09
0.5906 x 0.5906 x 1.8504 Inches
0.07 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Spot the Deal 5,846
PE DEALS -
Factory-Fresh & Fast-Ship USA -
Positive Supplies USA -

Features

Pack of 24 AA Batteries
10 year shelf life (each battery is individually date coded to ensure freshness and guaranteed fresh for 10 years).
Show More
Top 9

Amazon Basics 10-Pack AA Alkaline High-Performance Batteries, 1.5 Volt, 10-Year Shelf Life

Amazon Basics
LR6-10B
4.5276 x 3.7402 x 0.6693 Inches
0.5291 Pounds

Ratings for Amazon Basics (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

RELIABLE PERFORMANCE: 10-pack of 1.5 volt AA alkaline batteries for everyday or professional use
DESIGNED TO LAST: 10-year leak-free shelf life; store for emergencies or use right away
Show More

Fitinoch 6 Pack Rechargeable 14250 Battery with Charger, 3.7V 1/2 AA Lithium Batteries Can Replace 3.6 Volt LS 14250, ER14250, CR14250 Disposable Battery for Laser

Fitinoch

Ratings for Fitinoch (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
lanceter -

Features

✅【REPLACEMENT FOR DISPOSABLE BATTERY】Our 3.7v rechargeable 14250 battery Can perfectly replace the disposable 3.6V LS 14250 ER14250 and 3v CR14250 Batteries for better use.
✅【RECHARGEABLE AND MONEY SAVING】Our Rechargeable Battery 320mAh with 500 times can save you big money and energy compared with the single-use battery. more durable in use.
Show More

ACDelco 40-Count AA Batteries, Maximum Power Super Alkaline Battery, 10-Year Shelf Life, Reclosable Packaging, Blue

Powermax
AC232
6.7 x 3.5 x 2.2 Inches
0.0507 Pounds

Ratings for Powermax (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

40 Aa Batteries: Includes 40 Aa Super Alkaline Batteries With 1.5 Volts Of Long Lasting Power
Everyday Devices: Acdelco Aa Batteries Deliver Optimal Power To Common Every Day Household Devices Such As Clocks, Remote Controls, Game Controllers, Digital Cameras, Computer Mice, Toys And More
Show More
Top 12

Energizer E91BW12EM AA Batteries (12 Count), Double A Max Alkaline Battery

Energizer
E91BW12EM
1.2 x 3.8 x 4.3 Inches
0.55 Pounds

Ratings for Energizer (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
MYBATTERYSUPPLIER 36
Premium Supplies Limited 525
BD Supply 349

Features

1 package of 12 AA long-lasting alkaline batteries
Locks in power for up to 10 years for trustworthy back-up energy
Show More

Duracell 2768001 Coppertop AA Alkaline Batteries 24/Pack (MN1500BKD)

Duracell
01501
0.3937 x 0.3937 x 0.5 Inches
1.0 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
MyOfficeInnovations 301
Fast and Precise 579
MedicalSupplyMI 2,743

Features

Sold as 24/Box.
Duracell AA Batteries: The Duracell CopperTop Double A alkaline battery is designed for use in household items like remotes, toys, and more
Show More
Top 14

Duracell - CopperTop AA Alkaline Batteries - long lasting, all-purpose Double A battery for household and business - 12 Count

Duracell
AA-CTx12
3.4 x 2.0 x 1.2 Inches
0.6702 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
HiTouch Business Services 1,673
Coral Port 7,765

Features

Product Type:Battery
Item Package Dimension:3.200 cm L X9.499 cm W X11.607 cm H
Show More

EBL AA Batteries 28 Pack, High Capacity 1.5V Double A Power Batteries Long Lasting Alkaline AA Battery Leak Proof Design

EBL

Ratings for EBL (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
EBL official 434

Features

🔋Long-Lasting Power - With 28 AA batteries, this pack provides high performance and long-lasting alkaline power for all your household appliances. It's your perfect companion at home.
🔋Extended Storage Life - EBL AA alkaline batteries are always fresh and can maintain their power for up to 10 years when stored in a proper temperature-controlled and dry environment.
Show More
Top 16

Interstate Batteries AA Alkaline Battery (200 Pack) All-Purpose 1.5V High Performance Battery - Workaholic (DRY7001)

Interstate Batteries
DRY7001
5.8 x 5.8 x 4.5 Inches

Ratings for Interstate Batteries (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Interstate Batteries -

Features

7 Year Shelf Life at 68 degrees Farenheit
Great for Smoke Detectors, Remote Controls, Digital Cameras, Baby Monitors, Flashlights, Clocks, Toys
Show More

Duracell Procell AA Size - 48 Pack

Duracell
4330206911
1.9 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Nampa 7,174
Medical Products Depot -
RBI Supply -
R.H.M -

Amazon Basics AA Alkaline Batteries, 1.5 Volt, Long Lasting Power - Pack of 20

Amazon Basics
AA-20PKB
0.55 x 0.55 x 1.97 Inches
0.05 Pounds

Ratings for Amazon Basics (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

IN THE BOX: 20-pack of 1.5 volt AA alkaline batteries for reliable power across a wide range of devices
DEVICE COMPATIBLE: Ideal for remotes, radios, controllers, toys, and more
Show More

Duracell Coppertop AA Batteries 28 Count Pack Double A Battery with Long-Lasting Power for Household and Office Devices (Ecommerce Packaging)

Duracell
Ad-bm1-3943
8.875 x 5.5 x 0.875 Inches

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
21SUPPLY 4,301
S&K Wholesales -

Features

LONG-LASTING BATTERIES DESIGNED FOR DEPENDABILITY – Duracell Coppertop alkaline batteries deliver the lasting power and performance you can count on for electronic devices throughout the home or on-the-go
RELIABLE POWER – As a general-purpose battery, the Duracell Coppertop D alkaline battery is made to power everyday devices throughout the home, like toys, remote controls, flashlights, clocks and radios, portable electronics, and more
Show More

AA Duracell Procell Alkaline Batteries Box of 144 PC1500 PC-1500

Duracell
4330206942
1.4 Pounds

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
NBLDirect -
Medical Products Depot -
RBI Supply -
Positive Supplies USA -
Sizzel Group -
Nick's Battery Supply -

Energizer AA Batteries and AAA Batteries, 24 Max Double A Batteries and 24 Max Triple A Batteries Combo Pack, 48 Count

Energizer
E91E92-48
7.88 x 4.56 x 1.5 Inches
1.25 Pounds

Ratings for Energizer (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Wiki Deals 53
NBLDirect -
Tzohar Inc 957
21SUPPLY 4,301

Features

24 pack of Energizer MAX alkaline double AA batteries and 24 Pack of Energizer MAX alkaline triple AAA batteries
Our no.1 longest lasting Max battery powers everyday devices, powerful batteries aa size and batteries aaa size
Show More

POWEROWL Rechargeable AA Batteries,2800mAh High Capacity Batteries 1.2V NiMH Low Self Discharge Pack of 8

POWEROWL
SC2800
3.9 x 0.6 x 6.1 inches
0.0606 Pounds

Ratings for POWEROWL (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Powerowl 405

Features

High Capacity: 2800mAh 1.2v 8 Pack Ni-MH AA rechargeable batteries
Long Service Life: It can be recharged over 1200 times and keep 70% power after non-use for 3 years
Show More
Top 23

VARTA CR 1/2 AA Series Lithium 3 V 950 mAh Cylindrical Battery

VARTA
6127101301
4.49 x 4.49 x 0.12 Inches
0.01 Pounds

Ratings for VARTA (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
MYBATTERYSUPPLIER 36
Top 24

Duracell PGD MN1500BKD Coppertop Battery, Alkaline, AA Size (Pack of 144)

Duracell
1156N72CS
7.5 x 5.25 x 4.5 Inches

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Thomas Scientific -
MedicalSupplyMI 2,743

Features

Alkaline
AA Size
Show More

Energizer AA Batteries, Max Double A Battery Alkaline, 20 Count

Energizer
EL-PN-47321632
1.23 x 7.83 x 4.48 Inches
0.05 Pounds

Ratings for Energizer (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Wiki Deals 53

Features

20 pack of Energizer MAX AA Alkaline Batteries, Batteries AA Size
Energizer's #1 longest-lasting MAX AA batteries provide dependable power - up to 50% longer lasting than EVEREADY GOLD in demanding devices
Show More

Voniko - Premium Grade AA Batteries - (12 Pack) - Alkaline Double A Battery - Ultra Long-Lasting, Leakproof 1.5v Batteries - 10-Year Shelf Life

Voniko
LR6
0.6393 Pounds

Ratings for Voniko (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
VONIKO 424

Features

Modern Batteries for the Digital Age — With technological advancements rapidly improving our equipment & gadgets, we decided it is time to bring long lasting batteries into the digital age. Using alkaline, our aa size batteries are 6-9 times longer compared to yesteryear’s standard carbon batteries.
Environmentally Considered — We fully consider our environmental impact as we make our premium grade aa alkaline batteries. We provide variety packaging which could be reused as well as our AA batteries 12 pack being free from lead, mercury and cadmium under the control of all stages of the manufacturing process.
Show More

Rayovac AA Batteries, Double A Battery Alkaline, 12 Count

Rayovac
815-12K
1.188 x 3.875 x 4.5 Inches
0.64 Pounds

Ratings for Rayovac (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
CFOS LLC -

Features

AA Batteries, 12 Pack of High Energy Alkaline Batteries
Ideal for High Use AA Battery Devices – Toys, Flashlights, Remotes & More
Show More
Top 28

Energizer L91BP-8 Ultimate Lithium AA Batteries (8-Pack)

Energizer
EVEL91BP8
4.5 x 3.8 x 1.2 Inches
0.25 Pounds

Ratings for Energizer (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
MYBATTERYSUPPLIER 36
Tzohar Inc 957

Features

8-pack of Energizer Ultimate Lithium AA batteries
Energizer Ultimate Lithium is the #1 Longest-Lasting AA Battery
Show More
Top 29

Energizer L91 AA Ultimate Lithium 1.5V Battery Bulk Pack, 80 Pack

Energizer
L91
6.5 x 4.7 x 3.0 Inches
2.65 Pounds

Ratings for Energizer (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Premium Supplies Limited 525
CONTINENTAL SUPPLY 2,023
Av deal inc -

Features

Long-lasting energy for constant power consumption
Zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO2) no added mercury or cadmium
Show More
Top 30

CopperTop AA Alkaline Batteries - Long Lasting, All-Purpose Double A Battery for Household and Business - 16 Count (2 Pack)

Duracell
6.81 x 2.06 x 1.84 inches

Ratings for Duracell (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
MYBATTERYSUPPLIER 36
Your Dental Supply Store -
21SUPPLY 4,301

Features

Duracell AA Batteries: The Duracell CopperTop Double A alkaline battery is designed for use in household items like remotes, toys, and more
Duracell guarantees these batteries against defects in material and workmanship Should any device be damaged due to a battery defect, we will repair or replace it at our option
Show More

Top 10 Manganese AA Batteries - Verified to Buy (Apr. 2024)

Top 10 Manganese AA Batteries Brands on Amazon

Here is the list of top-rated brands that were evaluated by CherryPicks.

  • Duracell
  • Amazon Basics
  • Fitinoch
  • Powermax
  • Energizer
  • EBL
  • Interstate Batteries
  • POWEROWL
  • VARTA
  • Voniko

Related Manganese AA Batteries Guides

For more personalized Manganese AA Batteries guides, Check those pages,


Top 10 Manganese AA Batteries Sellers: CPR Seller Rank List

CPR sellers rank is based on CherryPicks-AI bestselling ranking system that helps us analyze each seller's sales trends. The List of top seller ranks is our in-house data, essential for our product ranking to help you make the right shopping choice.

Rank Name Yearly Feedbacks Avg. Ratings
🥇 MYBATTERYSUPPLIER 20,749 4.9
🥈 Wiki Deals 16,691 4.9
🥉 Preferred Pharmacy Plus 10,681 4.9
4 MyOfficeInnovations 6,992 4.6
5 BD Supply 6,283 4.8
6 Powerowl 5,703 4.9
7 VONIKO 5,519 4.8
8 EBL official 5,422 4.9
9 Premium Supplies Limited 4,814 4.9
10 Fast and Precise 4,519 4.6
View or download top Manganese AA Batteries seller & rating report
MYBATTERYSUPPLIER [20749] Wiki Deals [16691] Preferred Pharmacy Plus [10681] MyOfficeInnovations [6992] BD Supply [6283] Powerowl [5703] VONIKO [5519] EBL official [5422] Premium Supplies Limited [4814] Fast and Precise [4519] MYBATTERYSUPPLIER 24% Wiki Deals 19% Preferred Pharmacy Plus 12% MyOfficeInnovations 8% BD Supply 7% Powerowl 7% VONIKO 6% EBL official 6% Premium Supplies Limited 6% Fast and Precise 5%

[Get] Manganese AA Batteries Deals (✅Exclusively for Prime)

What does "Amazon Fulfilled" Mean?

Amazon Fulfilled refers to products handled by Amazon's logistics, which indicates that the product is stored, packed, and shipped by Amazon from one of its fulfillment centers.

When you order a product that is "Amazon Fulfilled," Amazon takes care of the storage, packing, shipping, and customer service for that product. This often ensures quicker delivery and better customer service compared to products that are not fulfilled by Amazon. It also means that the product is eligible for Amazon's return policy.

What does "Prime" Mean?

"Prime" refers to Amazon Prime Member (Join Amazon Prime Now), which indicates eligibility for Prime benefits. When you see "Prime" next to a product on Amazon, This generally means that if you are  an Amazon Prime member, you can get free two-day shipping on that product, and sometimes even same-day or one-day shipping depending on your location.

Prime members also have access to other benefits, including 2-Day ShippingExclusive Member DealsPrime VideoBuy With PrimeAmazon MusicPrime Gaming, and more.

Shop Prime Manganese AA Batteries Deals

What does "Free Shipping" Mean?

"Free Shipping" means that you will not be charged additional fees for the shipping of that product. However, unlike "Prime," which usually guarantees fast two-day shipping, "Free Shipping" doesn't necessarily mean fast shipping.

Sometimes there might be a minimum purchase requirement to qualify for free shipping if you are not a Prime member. For Prime members, the "Free Shipping" usually refers to the free two-day shipping that is one of the benefits of the Prime membership.


Why Should You Trust Us?

Now hundreds and thousands of House Supplies supplies are available on Amazon, Picking the right one is not easy, and that may take a lot of your time, Right? and What is the best Manganese AA Batteries to buy for new April 2024?

CherryPicks’s Methodology for Evaluating Manganese AA Batteries

We developed the CherryRatings-AI system to identify and score reviews and the CherryPicks-AI ranking system that uses TensorFlow framework to generate the best list, It will help us evaluate House Supplies items that sell on Amazon. The score of items is based on over ten parameters such as analyzing customer review content, product reviewing rating statistics, brand reputation evaluation, comparing product price with features, etc, You can visit How We Rank to learn more in detail.

We collected and analyzed 97 of Manganese AA Batteries reviews based on our selection criteria. It helped us shortlist the top qualified and rated Manganese AA Batteries for House Supplies, We found that most customers choose Manganese AA Batteries with an average price of $33.35, and the top brands are Amazon Basics, Energizer, Duracell, EBL, Rayovac, Powermax, POWEROWL, Voniko, Interstate Batteries, Fitinoch And VARTA. 

Then our expert-level editors reviewed all those quality items and selected the top 30 Manganese AA Batteries for you, We have researched hundreds of sellers and picked the top sellers for House Supplies, including MYBATTERYSUPPLIER, Wiki Deals, Preferred Pharmacy Plus, MyOfficeInnovations, BD Supply, Powerowl, VONIKO, EBL official, Premium Supplies Limited, Fast and Precise, MedicalRite And Tzohar Inc. The Duracell PC1500BKD09 Procell Alkaline-Manganese... are available for purchase right now, and The seller of #1 rank product has received honest feedback from 5,124 consumers with an average rating of 4.5.

We've helped a lot of satisfied users get the right Health & Household product based on their needs, and save lots of time for them to pick Manganese AA Batteries to buy.


Written By Chris Tyson

Chris has years of experience as a handyman, helping people with repairs within and outside of the house. He is now retired from such work and runs a local shop where he sells home improvement tools. He would be providing us with guides and reviews on home improvement tools on this platform.