Best VoIP Telephone Adapters (March 2024) - Rated by CherryPicks' Experts

At a Glance: Our Top Picks

Top 1

Grandstream HT801 Single-Port Analog Telephone Adapter

9.8
CPR Score
Top 2

Grandstream GS-HT802 2 Port Analog Telephone Adapter VoIP Phone & Device, Black

9.8
CPR Score
Top 3

Cisco Small Business PAP2T-NA Internet Phone Adapter with 2 VoIP Ports

9.6
CPR Score
Tips

We researched and analyzed dozens of VoIP Telephone Adapters reviews from different Office Electronics brands, including Plantronics, Linksys, Power Gear, Generies, Eagleggo, Yealink, Cisco, Vikye, Grandstream, EBTOOLS, magicJack, ooma, Obihai, The VoIP Lounge, NEUPO, SKuaiKe And Konftel. We've selected 29 best VoIP Telephone Adapters in the following ranking by considering price, product features, easy to use and so on.

* Cherrypicksreviews.com is reader-supported, Our editor review, and recommend the best products based on extensive data analysis, if you click on the product links, we may earn a commission through qualifying products purchased.

The Best VoIP Telephone Adapters Rated by CherryPicks

Market Overview
VoIP Telephone Adapters Reviewed
  • Reviews Analyzed: 18,260 Items
  • CPR Avg. Rating: 8.6 / 10
29 Products Evaluated
  • Highest Price: $209.74
  • Lowest Price: $6.14
  • Avg. Price: $53.83
Price Disclaimer

Top 29 VoIP Telephone Adapters on Amazon (Verified You can Buy)

Grandstream HT801 Single-Port Analog Telephone Adapter

Grandstream
HT801
6.0 x 4.0 x 2.0 Inches
0.2249 Pounds

Ratings for Grandstream (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
AOMA DEALS -

Features

Grandstream ATAs are trusted and deployed by some of the largest service providers in the world.
Supports 1 SIP profile through a single FXS port and a single 10/100Mbps port
Show More

Grandstream GS-HT802 2 Port Analog Telephone Adapter VoIP Phone & Device, Black

Grandstream
GS-HT802
4.0 x 4.0 x 1.0 Inches
0.25 Pounds
  • Unknown: English
  • Unknown: Latin Spanish

Ratings for Grandstream (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
AOMA DEALS -

Features

Supports 2 SIP profiles through 2 FXS ports and a single 10/100Mbps port
Tls and SRTP security encryption technology to protect calls and accounts
Show More
Top 3

Cisco Small Business PAP2T-NA Internet Phone Adapter with 2 VoIP Ports

Cisco
PAP2T
3.9764 x 3.9764 x 1.1024 Inches
0.34 Pounds
  • Original Language: English

Ratings for Cisco (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
GreenSalut -

Features

DOES NOT support Vonage & Factory Unlocked
Two standard telephone ports for analog phones or fax machines that serve as separate lines, complete with unique phone numbers
Show More

Ooma Telo Air 2 VoIP Free Home Phone Service with wireless connectivity. Affordable Internet-based landline replacement. Unlimited nationwide calling. Works only in the US.

ooma
811008021450
5.9 x 7.8 x 1.7 Inches
1.2 Pounds

Ratings for ooma (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Intro Gallery -

Features

Built-in wireless connectivity to place your Ooma Telo anywhere in your home. Works only in the US.
Crystal-clear nationwide calling for free and low international rates. Pay only monthly applicable taxes and fees.
Show More
Top 5

Grandstream GS-HT704 4 Port Analog Telephone Adapter for Home or Office VoIP Phone and Device

Grandstream
GS-HT704
4.8 x 3.6 x 1.4 Inches
0.4 Pounds

Ratings for Grandstream (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
TelecomCreations -
Tribeca Warehouse -

Features

2/4 FXS analog telephone port, 10/100 Mbps port
Status LED for power, internet, LINK/ACT and phone status
Show More
Top 6

5V Power Supply Adapter for Cisco IP Phones SPA525G SPA525G2 SPA504G SPA508G SPA303 SPA922 SPA942 and SPA962 SPA300 SPA500 CP500 SPA900, Cisco VoIP Phone SPA Series Phones Charging Cord

Eagleggo
SPA525G VoIP phone
0.2403 Pounds

Ratings for Eagleggo (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
eagleggo -

Features

COMPATIBILITY: Designed for Cisco SPA300/ SPA500/CP500/ SPA900, Compatible with SPA504G, SPA303, SPA922, SPA942, SPA525G2, SPA962, SPA501G, SPA508G, SPA509G, SPA512G, SPA514G, SPA525G-2, SPA942 SPA Series IP Phones. Replacement for Cisco original Model PA100 charger.
POWER SPECS: Input: AC 110-240V, 50-60Hz. Output: DC 5V 2A
Show More
Top 7

magicJack, New 2023 VOIP Phone Adapter, Portable Home and On-The-Go Digital Service. Unlimited Calls to US and Canada. NO Monthly Bill | Featuring magicIN™ & magicOUT™ Service

magicJack
C528
7.0 x 6.0 x 1.0 Inches
0.3704 Pounds

Ratings for magicJack (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
magicJack -

Features

The NEW 2023 magicJack DIGITAL TELEPHONE SERVICE: Unlimited Local & Long Distance Calling to the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands with a 1 YEAR WARRANTY. Also, Free magicJack to magicJack calling worldwide and low international outbound rates and keep your number.
WORKING FROM HOME: NEW & IMPROVED FEATURES: Improved voice quality. Lab-tested features greatly enhance overall voice quality under congested network conditions. Make higher quality calls with the newly improved chip. Has more memory and the new device uses CPU that is 4 times faster.
Show More
Top 8

magicJackGO 2017 VOIP Phone Adapter Portable Home and On-The-Go Digital Phone Service. Make Unlimited Local & Long Distance Calls to The U. S. and Canada. NO Monthly Bill. 2017 (1 Pack)

magicJack
K1103
1.8 x 5.5 x 7.9 Inches
0.1102 Pounds

Ratings for magicJack (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon Warehouse 1
E.B.L USA -
Dopplers ✅ -
Grand Sparrows -

Features

DIGITAL PHONE SERVICE: with Unlimited Local & Long Distance Calling to the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands with a 1 YEAR WARRANTY. Buy Guaranteed Authenticity direct from us, magicJack official.
NO MONTHLY BILLS: 12 months of service and Caller ID, Voicemail, Call Waiting, Call Forwarding and Conference Calling -- ALL INCLUDE FREE FOR A YEAR WITH NO HIDDEN FEES.
Show More
Top 9

Unlocked LINKSYS PAP2T VOIP Phone Adapter

Linksys
pap2
7.8 x 5.3 x 2.3 Inches
0.65 Pounds

Ratings for Linksys (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
GreenSalut -
Bayside Resale -
TELGYB -
Top 10

Obihai Technology OBIWIFI5G Obihai OBiWiFi5G 2.4/5GHz Wireless 802.11AC Adapter for OBi200, OBi202, OBi1022, OBi1032, OBi1062 VoIP Phone and Device

Obihai
OBIWIFI5G
1.2 x 0.3 x 0.6 Inches
0.022 Pounds

Ratings for Obihai (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
TelecomCreations -
Homewise Innovations -
Veteran Product Sales -
MODERN DESIGNS -

Features

Use with the OBi200, OBi202 VoIP Phone Adapters or OBi1022, OBi1032, OBi1062 IP Phone to Connect to Your Router via Wi-Fi
Wireless Data Encryption with 64/128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2
Show More
Top 11

Cisco ATA 190 Analog Telephone Adapter

Cisco
ATA190-SC-K9
4.0 x 4.0 x 1.1 Inches

Ratings for Cisco (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Newfangled Networks -

Features

Cisco Ata 190 Analog Telephone Adapter 1 X Rj-45 2 X Fxs Desktop

Ooma Telo VoIP Free Internet Home Phone Service with 3 HD3 Handsets. Affordable landline Replacement. Unlimited Nationwide Calling. Answering Machine. Option to Block robocalls.

ooma
TELO3HD3

Ratings for ooma (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

Crystal-clear nationwide calling for free and low international rates. Pay only monthly applicable taxes and fees.
Includes three Ooma HD3 Handsets with 2" color screen
Show More
Top 13

NeuPo 48 Volt Power Supply | Power Adapter Compatible with Select VOIP VVX Polycom and Cisco Phone Models | CP-7941, 7942, 7945, 7960, 7960G, 7962, 7965, 7970G | CP-PWR-Cube-3 Replacement

NEUPO
405

Ratings for NEUPO (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
FOMI -

Features

NeuPo One Piece 48v Power Supply for Office or Home
CP-PWR-CUBE-3 Replacement
Show More
Top 14

Grandstream GS-HT814 4 Port Ata with 4 Fxs Ports and Gigabit NAT Router Voip Phone and Device, Black

Grandstream
GS-HT814
5.0 x 1.0 x 4.0 Inches
0.4 Pounds
  • Original Language: English

Ratings for Grandstream (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
VirVentures 119
DAYZ TECH -

Features

Supports 4 SIP profiles through 4 FXS ports and dual Gigabit ports Includes a built-in Nat router which can handle routing speeds up to 100Mbps. Include TR-069 and XML Confit files Failover SIP server automatically switches to secondary server if Main server loses connection
Tells and SRTP security encryption technology to protect calls and accounts Automated provisioning options
Show More
Top 15

NEUPO 15 Watt Power Supply | Replacement Power Adapter Compatible with Polycom VOIP IP Phones Poly Edge B, E400, E300 Series, E220, E100, VVX 150, 250, 350, EM50 Expansion Module | 2200-48872-001

NEUPO
rewthwa-573
0.2403 Pounds

Ratings for NEUPO (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
FOMI -

Features

NEUPO One Piece 15-Watt, 5 Volt 3 Amp, Power Supply for Office or Home
Input: 100-240VAC, 50/60Hz Output: 5V - 3A; 6 ft cable
Show More
Top 16

Unlocked VoIP Gateway, Internet Phone Adapter PAP2T with 2 Ports for Voice-Over-IP Support fax and Multi-Voice(U.S. regulations)

Vikye
Vikyekzc7hyvtda-01
5.9055 x 1.5748 x 3.937 Inches
0.6173 Pounds

Ratings for Vikye (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Vikye-H -

Features

[Internet Phone Adapter] - With it, you can easily achieve long distance calls or free global calls along with broadband network, router, orinary telephone.(Broadband network + router + Gateway + ordinary telephone = save domestic or international long dis
[Specification] - Phone Adapter with 2 Ports for Voice-over-IP.
Show More
Top 17

48vdc Power Supply, 48v Power Supply Compatible with Cisco Phone Models 8811, 8841, 8851, 8861, 8961, 9951.

SKuaiKe
dc 48v
4.64 x 2.0 x 1.26 Inches
0.7297 Pounds

Ratings for SKuaiKe (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
shuaike -

Features

48v dc power supply is rated at 48 volts and can be used in any country with a voltage of 100-240 volts. It outputs 917 milliamps and has a cable length of 118 inches
This power supply is compatible with Cisco 8800, 8900 (8961 only), 9900 Series IP Phones, including 8811, 8841, 8845, 8851, 8861, 8865, 8961, and 9951 Cube 4.
Show More
Top 18

AC Adapter Power Supply for 5V VOIP Phones, for Yealink Yea-ps5v2000u/ Yealink PS5V600US/ Yealink t42s/ Yealink PS5V1200US IP Phone Power Supply

Generies
0.1808 Pounds

Ratings for Generies (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Nicer-S Comshop -

Features

AC Adapter Power Supply for 5V VOIP Phones, for Yealink Yea-ps5v2000u/ Yealink PS5V600US/ Yealink t42s/ Yealink PS5V1200US IP Phone Power Supply
Top 19

Plantronics APV-63 EHS Adapter (Avaya)

Plantronics
38734-11
6.9 x 5.4 x 2.1 Inches
0.2188 Pounds
  • Original Language, Translation, Unknown: English

Ratings for Plantronics (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Goldunya -
MyDataSupply -

Features

Intended for: Phone
Designed For: Avaya 2410, 4630, 5410, 6416D+M, 6424D+M; one X Deskphone Edition 9620 IP Telephone, 9630 IP Telephone, 9640 IP Telephone, 9650 IP Telephone; one X Deskphone Value Edition 1608, 1616; CS 510, 520, 540; Savi W710, W720, W730, W740, W745
Show More
Top 20

NEUPO 24 Volt Power Supply | Compatible with Allworx IP Phones | VOIP IP Replacement Phone Adapter | 24V DC for IP 9202, 9204, 9212, 9224, 9308, 9312

NEUPO
8541727184
0.2601 Pounds

Ratings for NEUPO (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
FOMI -

Features

NeuPo One Piece 24v Power Supply Office or Home Use
Power Supply Compatible with Allworx IP 9202, 9202E, 9204, 9204G, 9204P 9212, 9212l, 9212L, 9212P, 9224, 9308, 9312
Show More
Top 21

The VoIP Lounge 48V Power Supply for Cisco 8800 8900 (8961 only) 9900 Series IP Phone (Includes Power Cord) 8811 8841 8845 8851 8861 8865 8961 9971 9951 Cube 4

The VoIP Lounge
8541727159
0.8003 Pounds

Ratings for The VoIP Lounge (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
The VoIP Lounge -

Features

Power Cord Included
Input: 100-240VAC, Output: 48V - 0.917A
Show More
Top 22

Power Gear 5-Jack Telephone Adaptor, White, Easily Mount to Wall or Baseboard, for Standard Phone Jacks, 76131

Power Gear
76131999
1.39 x 4.78 x 7.26 Inches
  • Unknown: English

Ratings for Power Gear (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

Connects up to five telecom devices to a standard single phone jack
Quick, plug-in installation
Show More
Top 23

Konftel Deskphone Adapter

Konftel
900102126
5.25 x 4.75 x 2.25 Inches
0.3 Pounds

Ratings for Konftel (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -
Data Alchemy -
Networkstore 5,136

Features

Country of Origin : China
The Package Height of the Product is 6.6 centimetres
Show More
Top 24

Cisco UC 2 Port Analog Telephone Adapter ATA190

Cisco
99999
3.9764 x 3.9764 x 1.1024 Inches
0.3373 Pounds

Ratings for Cisco (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
MegaRetailStore -

Features

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) on the Cisco line side
Secure Real-Time Transfer Protocol (SRTP) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) over SIP
Show More
Top 25

VoIP Gateway, 2 Ports VoIP Gateway Internet Phone Adapter with Network Cable, Support SIP V2 Protocol, for PAP2T(US Plug)

EBTOOLS
Lazmin112yoegax1dq71517-01
5.9055 x 1.5748 x 3.937 Inches
0.6173 Pounds

Ratings for EBTOOLS (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Lazmin -

Features

Internet phone adapter - With it, you can easily achieve long distance calls or free global calls along with broadband network, router, orinary telephone.(Broadband network + router + Gateway + ordinary telephone = save domestic or international long dis
Phone Adapter with 2 Ports for Voice-over-IP.
Show More
Top 26

Yealink PS5V1200US IP Phone Power Supply Stock Adapter

Yealink
LWE-5002025
4.5 x 2.6 x 1.0 Inches
0.02 Pounds

Ratings for Yealink (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
UPBRIGHT 1,391
MANYUN -
TeleVoIP -

Features

AC/DC switching adapter
Output: 5v - 1.2a
Show More
Top 27

NeuPo 5 Volt Power Supply | Power Adapter Compatible with VOIP Yealink SIP T20P, T22P, T26P, T27, T28P, T41P, T42G and Cisco IP Phones SPA300 SPA500 SPA900 | Replacement Phone Charger Power Cord

NEUPO
0.2205 Pounds

Ratings for NEUPO (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
FOMI -

Features

NeuPo One Piece 5v Power Supply for Office or Home
Power Supply Compatible with Yealink Phones - SIP-T20P, SIP-T22P, SIP-T26P, SIP-T27, SIP-T28P, SIP-T41P, SIP-T42G, T20P, T22P, T26P, T27, T28P, T41P, T42G
Show More
Top 28 Best for ooma

Discontinued Product. Ooma Telo 4G VoIP Safety Phone.

ooma
TELO4GBATT
0.0088 Pounds

Ratings for ooma (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
Amazon.com -

Features

Includes nationwide calling, voicemail, caller-ID, call-waiting, 911 calling and text alerts.
Location-specific 911 automatically transmits your home address so that emergency services can quickly locate you.
Show More
Top 29

Yealink Yea-ps5v2000us Power Supply for Yealink 5-volt 2-amp

Yealink
Yealink Yea-ps5v2000us Power Supply
2.0 x 2.0 x 3.0 Inches
0.0006 Pounds

Ratings for Yealink (CPR Score)

Seller CPR Rank Amazon Fulfilled Prime Free Shipping
VoIP Central -
TeleVoIP -

Features

World Wide Input Voltage 100-240VAC 50/60Hz
OVP, OCP, SCP Protection (OVP: Over Voltage output Protection. OCP: Over Current output Protection. SCP: Short Circuit output Protection)
Show More

Top 10 VoIP Telephone Adapters - Verified to Buy (Mar. 2024)

Top 10 VoIP Telephone Adapters Brands on Amazon

Here is the list of top-rated brands that were evaluated by CherryPicks.

  • Grandstream
  • Cisco
  • ooma
  • Eagleggo
  • magicJack
  • Linksys
  • Obihai
  • NEUPO
  • Vikye
  • SKuaiKe

Top 10 VoIP Telephone Adapters Sellers: CPR Seller Rank List

CPR sellers rank is based on CherryPicks-AI bestselling ranking system that helps us analyze each seller's sales trends. The List of top seller ranks is our in-house data, essential for our product ranking to help you make the right shopping choice.

Rank Name Yearly Feedbacks Avg. Ratings
🥇 Amazon Warehouse 4,312,804 4.5
🥈 VirVentures 13,558 4.8
🥉 UPBRIGHT 2,587 4.7
4 Networkstore 1,018 4.3
5 eagleggo 514 4.8
6 Data Alchemy 454 3.6
7 Amazon.com 385 4.7
8 MegaRetailStore 366 4.7
9 FOMI 328 4.9
10 Veteran Product Sales 322 4.9
View or download top VoIP Telephone Adapters seller & rating report
Amazon Warehouse [4312804] VirVentures [13558] UPBRIGHT [2587] Networkstore [1018] eagleggo [514] Data Alchemy [454] Amazon.com [385] MegaRetailStore [366] FOMI [328] Veteran Product Sales [322] Amazon Warehouse 100% VirVentures 0% UPBRIGHT 0% Networkstore 0% eagleggo 0% Data Alchemy 0% Amazon.com 0% MegaRetailStore 0% FOMI 0% Veteran Product Sales 0%

[Get] VoIP Telephone Adapters Deals (✅Exclusively for Prime)

What does "Amazon Fulfilled" Mean?

Amazon Fulfilled refers to products handled by Amazon's logistics, which indicates that the product is stored, packed, and shipped by Amazon from one of its fulfillment centers.

When you order a product that is "Amazon Fulfilled," Amazon takes care of the storage, packing, shipping, and customer service for that product. This often ensures quicker delivery and better customer service compared to products that are not fulfilled by Amazon. It also means that the product is eligible for Amazon's return policy.

What does "Prime" Mean?

"Prime" refers to Amazon Prime Member (Join Amazon Prime Now), which indicates eligibility for Prime benefits. When you see "Prime" next to a product on Amazon, This generally means that if you are  an Amazon Prime member, you can get free two-day shipping on that product, and sometimes even same-day or one-day shipping depending on your location.

Prime members also have access to other benefits, including 2-Day ShippingExclusive Member DealsPrime VideoBuy With PrimeAmazon MusicPrime Gaming, and more.

Shop Prime VoIP Telephone Adapters Deals

What does "Free Shipping" Mean?

"Free Shipping" means that you will not be charged additional fees for the shipping of that product. However, unlike "Prime," which usually guarantees fast two-day shipping, "Free Shipping" doesn't necessarily mean fast shipping.

Sometimes there might be a minimum purchase requirement to qualify for free shipping if you are not a Prime member. For Prime members, the "Free Shipping" usually refers to the free two-day shipping that is one of the benefits of the Prime membership.


Why Should You Trust Us?

Now hundreds and thousands of Office Electronics supplies are available on Amazon, Picking the right one is not easy, and that may take a lot of your time, Right? and What is the best VoIP Telephone Adapters to buy for new March 2024?

CherryPicks’s Methodology for Evaluating VoIP Telephone Adapters

We developed the CherryRatings-AI system to identify and score reviews and the CherryPicks-AI ranking system that uses TensorFlow framework to generate the best list, It will help us evaluate Office Electronics items that sell on Amazon. The score of items is based on over ten parameters such as analyzing customer review content, product reviewing rating statistics, brand reputation evaluation, comparing product price with features, etc, You can visit How We Rank to learn more in detail.

We collected and analyzed 1,063 of VoIP Telephone Adapters reviews based on our selection criteria. It helped us shortlist the top qualified and rated VoIP Telephone Adapters for Office Electronics, We found that most customers choose VoIP Telephone Adapters with an average price of $53.83, and the top brands are Plantronics, Linksys, Power Gear, Generies, Eagleggo, Yealink, Cisco, Vikye, Grandstream, EBTOOLS, magicJack, ooma, Obihai, The VoIP Lounge, NEUPO, SKuaiKe And Konftel. 

Then our expert-level editors reviewed all those quality items and selected the top 29 VoIP Telephone Adapters for you, We have researched hundreds of sellers and picked the top sellers for Office Electronics, including Amazon Warehouse, VirVentures, UPBRIGHT, Networkstore, eagleggo, Data Alchemy, Amazon.com, MegaRetailStore, FOMI, Veteran Product Sales, Nicer-S Comshop And Intro Gallery. The Grandstream HT801 Single-Port Analog Telephone ... are available for purchase right now, and The seller of #1 rank product has received honest feedback from 738 consumers with an average rating of 4.2.

We've helped a lot of satisfied users get the right Office Products product based on their needs, and save lots of time for them to pick VoIP Telephone Adapters to buy.


Written By Judith T. Adams

When it comes to office products and supplies, Judith knows ins and outs as she has years of experience as a procurement officer. We brought her in to this platform so as to share her knowledge and product picking skills so we make the best decision in terms of reliability, durability, aesthetic, and cost.